Forum help

 View Only
Expand all | Collapse all

Jaw crusher balancing

  • 1.  Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-19-2023 03:41
      |   view attached

    Hello everyone

    I would need your opinion on a problem I am facing.

    I recently did vibration measurements on a jaw crusher.

    From the spectral analysis, the vibrations seem to be caused by imbalance.

    If someone has experience with such equipment, maybe you can help me with an idea about the possibility of balancing this equipment.

    Can it be dynamically balanced like any other equipment or are there special balancing techniques?

    Must there be a state of imbalance in the operation of this type of equipment?

    I don't know if I should balance it or if this state of imbalance is normal.

    Any opinion is welcome.

    PS

    The crusher was under repair where the bearings were replaced and the foundation was rebuilt.

    It probably had the same problem before, leading to the destruction of the foundation and bearings.

    Now due to the imbalance (in my opinion), mechanical looseness appeared in the area where the frame is fixed to the foundation



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------

    Attachment(s)

    docx
    Jaw crusher vibration.docx   94 KB 1 version


  • 2.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-20-2023 07:22

    Christian,

    This is a reciprocating machine and much of the 1xRPM vibration will be due to the reciprocating motion in that plane. It is possible the rotating crank shaft has compensating weights that will help to reduce the vibration in that reciprocating plane, but they will then cause an unbalanced 1xRPM force in the perpendicular plane. The usual design has compensating weights designed to achieve a medium level of 1xRPM force. If there are compensating weights on the crank, you should not attempt to balance that shaft. The only solution to high vibration is either a very substantial foundation kept in good repair, or an isolation base. 

    Gene



    ------------------------------
    Eugene Vogel
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-20-2023 07:58

    Ok, I understand.

    At the moment, resizing and rebuilding the foundation or installing vibration dampers is out of the question. These were also my recommendations.

    However, yesterday I had a discussion with a manufacturer of jaw crushers who told me that the equipment must be in a state of balance.
    It is curious that the representatives of the manufacturer of this equipment, when they carried out the repair, they changed the position of the balancing weights on the crusher pulley, but without making any measurements or  analysis of the operation.
    The owner of the equipment wants us to do the dynamic balancing of the crusher.
    I don't know if balancing can be done or if it is correct to dynamically balance this equipment.
    Maybe someone has experience in balancing this type of equipment and can help me with an advice.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-21-2023 09:36

    Hello, Christian.

     

    This forum is a great assist in all our efforts, don't you agree?

     

    This is not a reciprocating machine as you know. The jaw is mounted to the main shaft by way of an eccentric and the upper remains somewhat fixed. This allows that for each shaft rotation, the space between the jaw and the back plate opens and closes causing the rock to be crushed into smaller pieces, much like a mechanical 'chewing' action. That gives it the name. The distance between the jaw and the back plate is adjustable so that, as a primary crusher in the process, the output rock dimension can be usable in other crushers (cone, hammer, etc.). The machine will have a large 1xTS vibration and another large 2xTS vibration, both of which are normal and to be expected.

     

    The jaw shaft drive pulley must be removed in order to be dynamically balanced. Balancing should be performed in a repair facility that has a balance stand parge enough to handle the large and very heavy pulley. Once balanced, unless a balance weight has been removed perhaps through normally harsh operating conditions, the pulley balance should not change. This is true if the pulley is maintained clean. Its rotating speed is not high, but the mass is, so the applied force from any imbalance would be minimal.

     

    Question 1 – How did the contractor know the pulley needed to be balanced? What completely defendable data was used to indicate imbalance in the pulley?

    Question 2 – I can only imagine the predominant frequency of the vibration during operation without any product flow would be at the 1xTS frequency since that is normal. Have you determined the direction of the vibration and then collected phase readings at locations throughout the machine and base to determine where the movement originates?

     

    Not having seen the machine in operation nor collected data on it, my first inclination (which may be valueless in the absence of data) is that it is a matter of the integrity of the mounting.

     

    Please feel free to reach out to me for more assistance.

     

    Jim Carrel, CRL-BB, ISO Cat. III

    COO, Reliability Coach

    206-892-8074

     

         

     

    Reliability into Every Company

    www.forumreliability.com

     

     






  • 5.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-21-2023 10:03

    Christian and Jim,

    We could have a discussion about what is or isn't a reciprocating machine; the point is the mass of the moving jaw has a linear component in addition to a circular component. The linear component of the motion generates a 1xRPM force only in the that plane. Here's a good animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3np_Ipw3R-A .Notice the compensating weight on the pulley. If the pulley has a compensating weight, it should not be balanced independent of the crank (eccentric) shaft. 

    Gene



    ------------------------------
    Eugene Vogel
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-21-2023 10:25

    Thank you, Gene. Nice video.

     

    So, this isn't a balance effort, but one that is designed to minimize the naturally occurring effect of the main shaft force from the eccentric. The compensating weights (not balance weights) are designed to dampen the directional vibration caused by the eccentric. I doubt the size of the weights should be changed. Likely it is their location and maybe from mishandling the pulley location radially on the main shaft during reassembly.

     

    I still go back to mounting. I recommend motion amplification or an operating deflection shape to indicate the source of the excessive movement or the improper angle of force. If that means the base was not repaired properly or the machine was not reassembled properly, then this becomes a warranty issue. It should be incumbent upon the contractors to find the solution and fix it.

     

    Please reach out with any questions.

     

    Jim Carrel, CRL-BB, ISO Cat. III

    COO, Reliability Coach

    206-892-8074

     

         

     

    Reliability into Every Company

    www.forumreliability.com

     

     






  • 7.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-21-2023 10:34

    I agree.

    Gene



    ------------------------------
    Eugene Vogel
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 05:03

    Hi, Eugene

    I'm  totally agree with you.

    Assuming that imbalance of the moving jaw and crank shaft is the problem, what is your opinion, should or shouldn't this equipment be balanced in site?



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 05:18

    Such rotor could be balanced on site. The pre-condition is to troubleshoot the looseness problem, which was significantly seen inside the spectras.
    The looseness cannot be balanced. Can be partially dumered by balancing, but the problem persists and later on appear again with bigger intesity. 



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    Jan Krivohlavy
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 07:58

    This was also my request.
    They must  remake  the fastening of the frame on  the foundation , after which we will make a set of vibration and phase measurements and we will determine if balancing can be done or not.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 04:49

    Hello, Jim
    I will try to answer your questions according to what I know from the beneficiary.
    AQ1. The contractor justified the change in the position of the balancing weights by the fact that, from their experience, the operation is better in that position.
    Note: The pulley is mounted on the wedge channel and the mounting position of the pulley cannot be changed. There was no way they could get the mounting position wrong. The balance weights mounted on the pulleys, I think they have about 200 kg on each pulley.
    The crusher operated with high vibrations from the first start-up, which led to the cracking of the casing and the destruction of the bearings and the foundation.
    Considering the effects, I think they considered that the balancing weights were not correctly mounted during the first installation.
    AQ2. If you have seen the attached word document, the vibration is at 1TS predominantly in the horizontal direction.
    I did not make phase measurements.
    The high values are on the bearing and the values collected on the casing and frame are amortized with the approach to the foundation.


    As for balancing the pulley, I don't know if I expressed myself correctly or if something else was understood.
    The weights on the pulley are not to balance the pulley. I think they are to balance the machine.
    Now a compromise must be found to minimize the degradation of the machinet in the current conditions. This is the reason why I ask for your advice, maybe someone has faced such situations.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-20-2023 12:31
    Hi

    When they secured the base, did they use regular cement grout or epoxy grout. I have found that epoxy grout is much stronger and will last longer. Was the base set on the grout until set and then bolted down so the frame remains true?
    Can you post a picture of the unit?

    Gary Latham





  • 13.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-21-2023 01:29

    From what I was told, during the repair, the following were done:
    - all the crusher bearings were replaced
    - the old foundation was removed and another one of the same size was made (from my point of view, undersized)
    - the crusher body was replaced because the old one had cracks
    - after casting the foundation, the crusher frame was placed on the foundation and fixed with 3 bolts on each foot. The bolts were fixed in the foundation with chemical anchors for concrete.
    Right from the start, the crusher had vibrations and in a short time it pulled the bolts out of the concrete.
    Since each foot has 8 or 10 holes (I don't remember exactly), they made other holes in the concrete and fixed the feet with more bolts.
    The same thing happened, the bolts were pulled out of the concrete on the same feet.
    From what I observed, either the foundation was not poured in the same plane, or the feet are not in the same plane.
    In the first phase, I asked to be inserted shims under the feet that are in the air to compensate for the space between those feet and  foundation, after which to restore the fixing.
    Breaking and pulling out the bolts from the concrete is the effect of the problem, not the cause.
    I think that even after the setting of the frame is redone, the amplitude of the vibrations will be high.
    For these reasons, my question also arises: should I balance this equipment or not?

    I do not have pictures with the unit.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 03:24

    The problem could be in anchoring. For every Jaw crusher, the good anchoring is a must.
    The glued iron thread in the drilled hole is mostly not an anchor for that cases (that way yours was pulled out). Such anchor should be really really long (trough big concrete piece), with very special chemical glue, the concreate must not be oiled, inside the bore must be "a net" tube to hold the glue by the bolt. Shortly the anchoring is not a easy job, must be performed by skilled professional. 

    The optimal way is to have a rally strong anchor... The anchoring bolt is normally really strongly wellded or better circled to strong a perpendicular beem, deeply inside the big concrete base. The weight of the concrete must be well calculated (or over-dimensed to really void resonance problem).  Foundation dimensioning is a question for an engineer calculation. The RPM must be really deeply under resonance. Interconnectiog of several concrete parts is offten a source of the troubles, so that way is not recommended. The concreate must be not young during machine startup. Too early machine start can cause crack or looseness inside concreate, steel anchoring can bend, loose or fail soon.

    As soon as the foundation and anchoring is OK, you can start with vibration troubleshooting.
    Regards, Jan



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    Jan Krivohlavy
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 05:17

    Hello, Jan

    I'm  totally agree with you. But now a compromise solution must be found or perhaps a problem that existed from the beginning should be fixed.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 05:47

    Another problem is the fact that the electric motor burns out.
    When the motor starts, it takes a lot of voltage and the beneficiary is forced to skip the high voltage motor protection.
    I think that this is also an abnormal operation and is not related with foundation problem. 



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 06:10

    Overcurrent or undervoltage protection is the basic device which could helps you not to burn your motor.
    If that device is switched off or unproperly dimensed or unproperly set limit, that is the way to hell.

    This is a question for really skilled electrician, not vibration guys. When such protection protects, it isshould have a real reason. ...and yes, it can be mechanical and could sourcing inside machine and its vibrations. There is not easy to troubleshoot trough letters. 



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    Jan Krivohlavy
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 07:41

    Hi, Jan

    The overcurrent protection is off because fi it is not off the motor cannot start the crusher. The jaw is in the lower position and the motor cannot lift it up with protection on.

    Tis is another indication that the crusher is severely unbalanced.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 05:57

    Hi Christian,
    I did sucesfully performed some urgent emergency frame to concrete re-anchoring, mostly by "mortar chemical anchor" and threaded rod. To perform that troubleshooting it really expect anchors well installation & over-dimensioning.

    There could help us a bit to see some images/video. Images and video are not 100% optimal, as the imagination/knowledge of all contexts, etc. is essential (... to be able give really valuable advices). Time to time the image do not catch everythink, we can investigate, test or find out directly on site. 

    Basically, if the base concrete was not well since beginning, now it could be advanced job to remove the vibration directly on site. Partially it should be possible to dumper, but it could be highly possible long tough fight (maybe unsucessfull). It depend on experience of the diagnostician imagination, ideas and time spent. Basement and frame anchoring is the absolute necesity for good start.

    Every custommer with weak foundation, fighting with high vibration ask for temoporary, quick easy fix. That is in lot of cases not possible to offer. Sucess could depend on millions of really small details. Hardly to guess here. 

    Enjoy it :-) 



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    Jan Krivohlavy
    ------------------------------



  • 20.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 07:58
    Have you verified the shaft is not bent? I have had a similar issue with a hammer type Hog.





  • 21.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 08:05

    Hi, Nick

    The shaft is new. The bearings are new.

    Phase measurements will determine if the shaft is bent or not. At the moment I cannot assume that the shaft is bent.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 08:23

    Hi Christian,
    how you can speak about phase vibrodiagnostic measurement, as if there is a looseness problem (wrong anchoring or foundation issue). That looseness problem must be fix as the first step. Otherwise your phase measurement show you 50% of fairytales.... (looseness significantly influence the phase vector itself)



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    self business
    ------------------------------



  • 23.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 09:47

    As I said earlier, in the start they will have to remake the tightening of the frame on the fundation after witch I will make vibration and phase measurements in oder to establish if the problem is unbalance and whether it can be balanced or not. At first glance, in my opinion, the highest probability is that the problem can be caused by unbalance.
    Because I don't have experience with this kind of machines,  I asked members for help regarding with ballancing  for this tipe of machines.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 11:05

    Christian, If you wish to attempt to balance this machine, setup for 2 plane balancing in the horizontal plane and record the original amplitude and phase vector for both sides of the machine in the horizontal plane. Then move you transducers to the vertical plane and record those amplitude and phase vectors. I recommend that you manually plot the vectors on polar graph paper with the horizontal and vertical vectors for one side on one graph and the horizontal and vertical vectors for the other side on a separate graph. Label the vectors Oh and Ov  Then add a significant trial weight to the rotor on one side of the machine, (add the weight to the pulley). Now record new horizontal and vertical vectors for both sides of the machine. Plot these vectors on the appropriate graphs and label them O+Th and O+Tv. Now construct the Th and Tv vectors for the side of the machine to which you added the trial weight, (draw a vector from Oh to O+Th and from Ov to O+Tv). You now have both a horizontal and vertical single plane vector solution. If at this point you are totally confused by the vector diagrams, you will not be able to balance this machine; there are no automatic balancing programs that will solve this problem for you. You will need to evaluate the horizontal and vertical vector diagrams and see if they both produce similar solutions. If the horizontal and vertical solutions are NOT similar, the vibration is not due to rotor imbalance, but rather is likely the result of the reciprocating action of the moving jaw, and there is no way to reduce the vibration with balance weights. If the horizontal and vertical vector solutions are similar, proceed to single plane balance that side of the machine. If this single plane balancing is successful in reducing the vibration on this side of the machine, (in both the horizontal and vertical planes), the process can be expanded to 2 plane balancing using either the horizontal vector data from both sides of the machine or using the vertical vector data from both sides of the machine.

    I hope this is helpful.

    Gene



    ------------------------------
    Eugene Vogel
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-26-2023 05:49

    Thank you Gene for your recommendation.
    After I will take phase readings, if the unbalance will be confirmed, I will try bo balance the machine.
    I will draw the amplitude and phase vectors in parallel with advanced ballancing program.
    As Jan said, I will use a 4 measuring points and 2 planes balancing program.
    In parallel I will run a balancing program with 2 measuring points and 2 planes, in horizontal plane.
    After trial weights readings will be taken, I will see with which program I will continue.



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 26.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 15:10

    I did sucessfully balance such reciprocation machine using Emerson CSI device using 4 channels measurement (2x Ver + 2× hor). Their vector averaging algorythm (developed together with Schenck I guess) work well also for reciprocating machine. Try csi 2130 or csi2140 or Emerson AMS 2140 or any other device with more complex field balancing software. In troubles it can move you forward.



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    self business
    ------------------------------



  • 27.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-26-2023 05:56

    Hi Jan,
    Thanks for your advice.
    From your experience, is the order and position of the measurement points important?
    I avoided using readings in both directions within the same balancing program.
    I was thinking of using channel 1 for the DE bearing and channel 2 for the NDE bearing for horizontal readings and channel 3 for the DE bearing and channel 4 for the NDE bearing for vertical readings. Is it ok or do you recommend another mounting of the transducers?



    ------------------------------
    christian petroniu
    ------------------------------



  • 28.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-26-2023 18:48

    Christian,  you should know from your balance training lessons, the precise measurement point is not as important. Important is the magnitude of unbalance vector (energy of unbalance) you intent to decrease at the point you measure.

    Example: A guy work on grider. the grider is slightly unballanced and the output / product quality decreases. The operator call me and claim vibration with note the glass start to shake. If you place the sensor o bearinghouse, the unbalance vector is very slow. As soon as you place it on the glass, the vector will be much higher (as because the resonance sensitive glass he has got here). The effectivity in balancing process using sensor placed on bearinghouse you will be able to improve for 30% and than you will be lost in the noise. By the placing the sensor on glass, you will be able to lower the energy for over 70%...voila! No magic, just energy. So try a while search for maximal vector magnitude on your machine.Sometime is that better as standard sensor location. Sometime is that useless case, you have to prove that.    



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    self business
    ------------------------------



  • 29.  RE: Jaw crusher balancing

    Posted 09-22-2023 08:33

    the shaft could be bent as if this is new or was measred as OK. ... because a high torque of ELM can bent it. ... because unproper montage can bent the frame body with bearinghouse, etc. You have to look after all options and go layer to layer of the onion to the naked core problem. HOWHK 



    ------------------------------
    Jan Krivohlavy
    Vibration Consultant
    self business
    ------------------------------